廣告　商業(yè)廣告，理性選擇

　　電動(dòng)汽車(EV)的發(fā)展正在迅速發(fā)展,但一個(gè)問題仍然很關(guān)鍵:單一流體能否滿足EV的熱管理需求?加雷斯·布朗,路博潤的動(dòng)力添加劑技術(shù)經(jīng)理,在美國明尼蘇達(dá)州明阿波利斯市舉行的第78屆年度會(huì)議和展覽會(huì)上談到了這個(gè)問題。在五月。

　　盡管沒有內(nèi)燃機(jī),但電池電動(dòng)車(BEV)面臨重大的熱管理問題。布朗強(qiáng)調(diào),電池、電動(dòng)機(jī)和逆變器的效率低下會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量熱量,需要先進(jìn)的解決方案來維持最佳性能和安全性。

　　電池溫度控制:鋰離子電池需要在15℃至35℃范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)行。偏差會(huì)加速退化,增加火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　電動(dòng)機(jī)和逆變器冷卻:保護(hù)永磁體不受退磁的影響,防止腐蝕和導(dǎo)電沉積物,對(duì)于保持電動(dòng)機(jī)的效率和壽命至關(guān)重要。

　　配方液體的作用

　　布朗介紹的數(shù)據(jù)表明,特殊配方的熱處理液明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的合成基礎(chǔ)油。在指甲穿透試驗(yàn)中,一種專用的熱液限制熱失控到一個(gè)單一的電池,而合成基礎(chǔ)油則允許所有的電池經(jīng)歷熱失控。

　　性能提高:改進(jìn)的熱液可以降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度,提高連續(xù)功率輸出高達(dá)16%。

　　EV架構(gòu)考慮

　　隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)架構(gòu)的發(fā)展,有一個(gè)趨勢(shì),集成系統(tǒng)將電動(dòng)機(jī)、逆變器和變速器合并成單個(gè)單元。然而,這種一體化給熱管理帶來了挑戰(zhàn):

　　集成系統(tǒng)的薄流體:集成變速器需要提供有效的傳熱而不損害齒輪保護(hù)的流體。

　　模塊化方法:布朗質(zhì)疑將逆變器分離用于獨(dú)立熱管理是否能產(chǎn)生更好的性能和安全性。

　　具有較高工作周期的商用車輛可能受益于高容量電池的浸沒冷卻等替代辦法。公路以外的車輛,面對(duì)強(qiáng)烈的條件,可能需要單獨(dú)的熱管理電動(dòng)機(jī)和逆變器,以處理不同的工作周期。

　　未來方向

　　盧布里索的研究表明,單流體方法或單獨(dú)的部件都不完全滿足現(xiàn)代電動(dòng)汽車的需要。取而代之的是一個(gè)中間的場(chǎng)景,流體被函數(shù)分離(熱相對(duì)于。摩擦學(xué)的),看起來很有前途。這一方法使熱部件的熱性能得到優(yōu)化,齒輪和軸承得到充分的保護(hù)。

　　結(jié)論

　　布朗強(qiáng)調(diào),流體制造商必須提供多種解決方案,以增強(qiáng)工程師的能力,避免限制電動(dòng)汽車行業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。隨著電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷發(fā)展,未來可能會(huì)有適合客車和高性能自行車具體需求的集成流體系統(tǒng)。

　　Can a single fluid meet all electric vehicle needs?

　　Electric vehicle (EV) development is rapidly evolving, but one question remains critical: Can a single fluid meet all the thermal management needs of EVs? Gareth Brown, technology manager of Driveline Additives at Lubrizol, addressed this issue during the 78th STLE Annual Meeting & Exhibition in Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. in May.

　　Despite the absence of a combustion engine, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) face significant thermal management issues. Brown highlighted that inefficiencies in battery cells, motors, and inverters generate substantial heat, requiring advanced solutions to maintain optimal performance and safety.

　　Battery Temperature Control: Lithium-ion batteries need to operate within 15°C to 35°C. Deviations can accelerate degradation and increase fire risks.

　　Motor and Inverter Cooling: Protecting permanent magnets from demagnetisation and preventing corrosion and conductive deposits are essential for maintaining motor efficiency and longevity.

　　The role of formulated fluids

　　Brown presented data showing that specially formulated thermal management fluids significantly outperform traditional synthetic base oils. In a nail penetration test, a dedicated thermal fluid limited thermal runaway to a single cell, whereas synthetic base oil allowed all cells to experience thermal runaway.

　　Enhanced Performance: Improved thermal fluids can reduce motor temperatures, enhancing continuous power output by up to 16%.

　　EV architecture considerations

　　As EV architectures evolve, there is a trend towards integrated systems that combine motors, inverters, and transmissions into single units. However, this integration poses challenges for thermal management:

　　Thin Fluids for Integrated Systems: Integrated transmissions require fluids that provide effective heat transfer without compromising gear protection.

　　Modular Approaches: Brown questioned whether separating the inverter for standalone thermal management could yield better performance and safety.

　　Commercial vehicles, with higher duty cycles, may benefit from alternative approaches such as immersion cooling for high-capacity batteries. Off-highway vehicles, facing intense conditions, might require separate thermal management for motors and inverters to handle varying duty cycles.

　　Future directions

　　Lubrizol’s research suggests that neither a single-fluid approach nor separate components entirely meets modern EV needs. Instead, a middle-ground scenario, where fluids are separated by function (thermal vs. tribological), appears promising. This approach enables optimised thermal properties for hot components and adequate protection for gears and bearings.

　　Conclusion

　　Brown emphasised that fluid manufacturers must offer diverse solutions to empower engineers and avoid limiting technological advancements in the EV industry. As EV architectures continue to develop, the future likely holds integrated fluid systems tailored to the specific needs of passenger cars and high-duty cycle vehicles.

　　To read the full version of this article, check out the digital edition of the Q3 2024 issue of F+L Magazine.